The Black Morgan INC for
Reconstruction and Development.
143/5, 1st ward,Chingiss Street,
Khan-Uul district.
TO WHOM IT WAY CORCERN,
I would like to recommend Mrs P.Tuvshinjargal, Senior expert of the Corporate Policy Department at the Black Morgan of Mongolia, as an excellent candidate for an accounting occupation.
Mrs P.Tuvshinjargal has proven herself at the Progresso and previous occupations as an experienced staff with analytical skills.
Her dynamic personality geared to take initiatives and good communication abilities have been a great asset to the banking organization's policy making its implementation.
No doubt where ever Mrs P.Tuvshinjargal is employed, her contribution will be notable and appreciated.
With kind regards,
XXXXX (Signature)
Mr. XXXXX
20/10/2009
english
Wednesday, December 15, 2010
gbayarmaa82@gmail.com
CV
First name: Purevsukh
Last Name: Tuvshinjargal
Age:20
Address: 56-18 apartment, Bayangol district, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Zip code: 976
Contact information
Email: purevsux_tuvshinjargal@yahoo.com
Mobile: 99671234
Phone: 21244878
Education
1998 - 2008 High school
2008 – 2012 University of Telecommunications and Information Technology (Baynzurh district, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia)
Work Experience
2008 – 2009
Minii supermarket(Chilgeltei district, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia)
• Experience engineer
2009 – 2010 Railcom corporation (Sukhhbaatar district, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia)
• Telecommunication engineer
Skills
Other language
English
• Understanding skills Level: Good
• Writing skills Level: Good
• Speaking skills Level: Good
Technical skills and competences
Basic knowledge of Linux system.
Good knowledge MATLAB, Work bench, Office software autocad.
First name: Purevsukh
Last Name: Tuvshinjargal
Age:20
Address: 56-18 apartment, Bayangol district, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Zip code: 976
Contact information
Email: purevsux_tuvshinjargal@yahoo.com
Mobile: 99671234
Phone: 21244878
Education
1998 - 2008 High school
2008 – 2012 University of Telecommunications and Information Technology (Baynzurh district, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia)
Work Experience
2008 – 2009
Minii supermarket(Chilgeltei district, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia)
• Experience engineer
2009 – 2010 Railcom corporation (Sukhhbaatar district, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia)
• Telecommunication engineer
Skills
Other language
English
• Understanding skills Level: Good
• Writing skills Level: Good
• Speaking skills Level: Good
Technical skills and competences
Basic knowledge of Linux system.
Good knowledge MATLAB, Work bench, Office software autocad.
Sunday, December 12, 2010
gbayarmaa82@gmail.com
tranlation
1. Read over the whole text.
2. Look at the structure of each sentence.
3. Find main sentences and helping sentences.
4. Find subject and verb of the sentence.
5. Look at prefix and conjunction words in detail.
6. Find new words.
7. Look new word up in the dictionary.
8. Select the proper words.
9. Dispose words into right position.
10. Try to lay out the sentence.
11. Write down a draft translation.
12. Make it easy to understand and examine the wording.
13. Rearrange the draft text and produce an initial version.
14. Check the principal meaning, whether it is out of context.
15. Produce a final version out of the initial version.
1. Read over the whole text.
2. Look at the structure of each sentence.
3. Find main sentences and helping sentences.
4. Find subject and verb of the sentence.
5. Look at prefix and conjunction words in detail.
6. Find new words.
7. Look new word up in the dictionary.
8. Select the proper words.
9. Dispose words into right position.
10. Try to lay out the sentence.
11. Write down a draft translation.
12. Make it easy to understand and examine the wording.
13. Rearrange the draft text and produce an initial version.
14. Check the principal meaning, whether it is out of context.
15. Produce a final version out of the initial version.
Application for employment
Our policy is to provide equal employment opportunity to all qualified persons without regard to race creed color religious belief sex age national origin ancestry,physical or mental disability or veteran status.
Date 2010.12 .1
Last name.Purevsukh First name Tuvshinjargal
Street address ‘25 emiin san’ street 56-2-18
City Ulaanbaatar state Mongol zip 976
Telephone 99671234 social security
Position applied for
How did you hear of this opening yesterday
When can you start Next monday Desired wage S 500S
Are you a U.S citizen or other wise authorized to work in the U.S on an unrestricted basis?(you may be required to provide documentation) yes no
Are you looking for full time employment? yes no
If no what hourse are you aviable
Are you willing to work swing shift? yes no
Are you willing to work graveyard? yes no
Have you ever been convicted of felony?(This will not necessarily affect your application) yes no
If yes please describe conditions
Education Year Major Degree
School name and location
High school ITC shool 2008
College
Post colloge
Other training n
In addition to your work history are there othere skiils qualifications or experience that we should considered?
Employment history
Company name Mini supermarket
Address UB Bayabgol duureg telephone 99671234
Date started Starting Wage Starting positions
Date ended Ending Wage eding positions
Name of supervisor Battsetseg
May we contact? Yes no
Responsibilities
Reason for leaving
Attach additional information if necessary
I certify that the facts set forth in this applications for employment are true and complete to the best of my knowledge.i understand that I’m employed,false statements on this applications shall be considered sufficient cause for dismissal.This company is hereby authorized to make any investigations of my prior educational and employment history.
I understand that employement at this company is “at will”which means that either I or this company can terminate the employement relationship at any time whit or without prior notice and for any reason not prohibited by statute.All employment is continued on that basis I understand that no sujervisor,manager,or executive of this company other than the president has any authority to alter the foregoing.
Our policy is to provide equal employment opportunity to all qualified persons without regard to race creed color religious belief sex age national origin ancestry,physical or mental disability or veteran status.
Date 2010.12 .1
Last name.Purevsukh First name Tuvshinjargal
Street address ‘25 emiin san’ street 56-2-18
City Ulaanbaatar state Mongol zip 976
Telephone 99671234 social security
Position applied for
How did you hear of this opening yesterday
When can you start Next monday Desired wage S 500S
Are you a U.S citizen or other wise authorized to work in the U.S on an unrestricted basis?(you may be required to provide documentation) yes no
Are you looking for full time employment? yes no
If no what hourse are you aviable
Are you willing to work swing shift? yes no
Are you willing to work graveyard? yes no
Have you ever been convicted of felony?(This will not necessarily affect your application) yes no
If yes please describe conditions
Education Year Major Degree
School name and location
High school ITC shool 2008
College
Post colloge
Other training n
In addition to your work history are there othere skiils qualifications or experience that we should considered?
Employment history
Company name Mini supermarket
Address UB Bayabgol duureg telephone 99671234
Date started Starting Wage Starting positions
Date ended Ending Wage eding positions
Name of supervisor Battsetseg
May we contact? Yes no
Responsibilities
Reason for leaving
Attach additional information if necessary
I certify that the facts set forth in this applications for employment are true and complete to the best of my knowledge.i understand that I’m employed,false statements on this applications shall be considered sufficient cause for dismissal.This company is hereby authorized to make any investigations of my prior educational and employment history.
I understand that employement at this company is “at will”which means that either I or this company can terminate the employement relationship at any time whit or without prior notice and for any reason not prohibited by statute.All employment is continued on that basis I understand that no sujervisor,manager,or executive of this company other than the president has any authority to alter the foregoing.
Coverletter
(Your address:optinal )
25 emiin san street,
Junuary 12,2010
Мr tuvshinjargal purevsukh
Director of human resources
Mobicom company
Zaluuchuud street
Dear Mr:tuvshinjargal purevskh
I’m applying for the position of computer specilalist which was advertised on junuary 8 in the Classfieds section of Zuunii medee newspaper.The position seems to fit very well whith my education experience and carreer goals
Your position on demands experience in fiber optic,system,telecomnucations application software and hardware ,and comnucations skills.Whit major in telecomnucation engineer.I have training fiber optic system and copper cable system along with proficiency and fiber optic application.I have gained significant work experience through interships in Mobicom companies abroad.My enclosed resume providers details on my credentials.
My education and carreer goal seem to match perfectly with the requirements for the given job.Furthermore,I am genuinely intresmed in the position and working for as highly-esteemed a company as Mobicom company.Your firm enjoys excellent reputation and I feel certain that I can meet your standarts of efficient and high quality work.
I will call you next week to discuss employment possibilities.if you need to contact me in the mean time.i shall be available at 99671234.please leave a message If I am not available,and I shall call you the next day.Thank you for your consideration.
I look forward to taking with you
(Your address:optinal )
25 emiin san street,
Junuary 12,2010
Мr tuvshinjargal purevsukh
Director of human resources
Mobicom company
Zaluuchuud street
Dear Mr:tuvshinjargal purevskh
I’m applying for the position of computer specilalist which was advertised on junuary 8 in the Classfieds section of Zuunii medee newspaper.The position seems to fit very well whith my education experience and carreer goals
Your position on demands experience in fiber optic,system,telecomnucations application software and hardware ,and comnucations skills.Whit major in telecomnucation engineer.I have training fiber optic system and copper cable system along with proficiency and fiber optic application.I have gained significant work experience through interships in Mobicom companies abroad.My enclosed resume providers details on my credentials.
My education and carreer goal seem to match perfectly with the requirements for the given job.Furthermore,I am genuinely intresmed in the position and working for as highly-esteemed a company as Mobicom company.Your firm enjoys excellent reputation and I feel certain that I can meet your standarts of efficient and high quality work.
I will call you next week to discuss employment possibilities.if you need to contact me in the mean time.i shall be available at 99671234.please leave a message If I am not available,and I shall call you the next day.Thank you for your consideration.
I look forward to taking with you
Monday, November 22, 2010
gbayarmaa82@gmail.com
Acknowledge-хүлээн зөвшөөрөх
across-дамжууламж
advantage-ашигтай давуу тал
allow-олгох зөвшөөрөх
Alternatives-хувилбар
Application-төхөөрөмж
Apply-татах
Approved-сайшаах
Arbitrated-таслах
Aspects-үзэл санаа асуудал
Association-хэлхээ уялдаа
Assume-хүлээн авагч
Attachment-хавсарга
Attractive-дайчлах
Aviable-хүчинтэй ашигтай
Access-ханалт
Attached-хавсарга
Addressinging-нэмэх
Arbitrated-хөндлөнгөөс таслагч
Average-дундаж
Bandwidth-зурвас
Buffering-зөөтгөл
Besides-ойролцоо
Bidirectional-тэгш хэмт
Between-дундын
Backbone-гол кабель
Billing-тооцоо
Blocked-түгжигдэх
Break-алдаа
Bursty-багц
Bypass-тойрч гарах
Broadband-өргөн зурвас
Bus-топологийн хэлбэр
Campus-хүрээлэх
Considered-авч үзэх
Covering-бүрхэх
Candidate-өрсөлдөгч
Capacity- багтаамж,хүчин чадал
Carier-зөөгч дохио
Categorizes-ангилал
Channels-суваг
Choke-ороомог
Circuit-хэлхээ,суваг
Classified-ангилал
Common-ерөнхий нийтлэг
Cost-хэмжигдэхүүн
Compete-өрсөлдөх
Complexity-цогцолбор
Concentraror-төвлөрүүлэлт
Configurable-тохирох чадамж
Connectingless-холболтгүй
Contain-агуулах багтаах
Conventional-хэвшмэл ердийн
Copper-зэс кабель
Counter-тоологч,тоолуур
Coverting-хөрвүүүлэг,хөрвүүлэх
Creat-босгох үүсгэх
Circlater-эргэн тойрох
Current-гүйдэл
Collusion-мөргөлдөөн
Clocking-синхрончлол,тактикчилал
Decrement-унтралын коэфциент
Dedicated-байнгын холболттой
Definition-төгсгөлийн
Delivered-хүргэлт
Demand-шаардлага
Density-нягтрал хмжигч
Depending-хамаарах
Detection-алдаа илрүүлэлт
Development-дамжуулах
Device-арга барил
Diameter-голч
Disadvintages-алдагдал дутагдал
Disappear-нуугдах
Disruption-хуваагдал
Distinction-ялгаатай
Dominate-ноерхох
Drawback-
Destination-хүлээн авах төхөөрөмж
Downstream-урсгал явц
Distance-ачаала хэрэглэгч
Dual-хос
Duration-үргэжлэх хугацаа
Each-тутам
Economical-хямдхан
Effective-нөлөө,нөлөөмж
Emerging-эх үүсвэр
Enable-амжилттай холбогдох
Encapsulates-нууцлал
Enforce-хүчлэх албадах
Ensuring-
Entire-батлах
Equivalent-адитгал тэнцүү
Except-хасах
Expand-өргөтгөх
Extended-өргөтгөсөн
Exception-үгүйсгэл
Effective-нөлөө
Eliminates-хаях
Fabric-байгууламж
Facilities-төхөөрөмж
Failover-унтрал
Fall-унтрал хасах
far apart-хос
Fiber optics-оптик дамжуулагч
Fixed-тогтмол
Flow-урсгал
Format-хэмжээ
Frame-битийн цуваа
Generally-голдуу
Guaranteed-баталгаа
Host-нөгөө тал хүлээн авагч тал
Hunt-хайх
Ideal-сул чөлөөтэй
Implement-өсөлт дэвшил
Implementing-өсөлт
Increments-өсөлт
Industry-аж үйлдвэр
Interconnection-хоорондын холбоос
Interval-хэсэг
Isolated-тусгаарлагдсан
Latency-хүлээх хугацаа хоцролт
Layer-түвшин
Legacy technologies-хуучны төхөөрөмж
Less-эсрэг холбоо хасах
Linking-шугам холбоос
Local-орон нутгийн
Loop-гэдрэг холбоо
Main-гол чухал
Mapping-харгалзаа
Mesh-топологийн хэлбэр
Method-арга барил
Multiple-олон
Master-төв зангилаа
Mainly-голдуу
Model-загвар
Node-үндэс
Nodes-үндсэн
None-нэг ч үгүй олон ч үгүй
Networks-сүлжээ
Needed-хэрэгтэй
Obsolesvent-хуучрал хуучин
Obtain-хүлээж авах гаргах
Optimaized-зохион байгуулах
Oriented-чиг баримжаатай
Overhead-толгой мэдээлэл
Octets-наймт
OSI-олон улсын стандарт
Operater-үйлдэл
Packet-багц
Particular-нарийвчлал тухайн
Payload-мэдээлэлийн хэсэг
Peripherals-нэмэлт төхөөрөмж
Ports-хос туйлт
Possible-боломжтой
Predictable-зарчим
Predominate-
Primarily- тэргүүн
Private-хувийн
Probably-магадлал
Providers-ханган нийлүүлэгч
Provisioned-хангах
Public-нийтийн
Pushed-стекэд элемэнт нэмэх
Point-цэг
Protection-үйл ажилгаа
Pattern-схем
Pair-хос
Range-эгнээ шугам
Ratio-коэфциент,харьцуулалт
Reasonably-учир шалтгаан
Recovery-сэргээх
Regard-хамаарах
Relay-радио релений шугам
Reliability-найдвартай
Remote-алслагдсан алсын удирдлагатай
Replace-давтах
Representing-төлөөлөгч
Requirements-шаардлага
Reserve-хүлээн авах
Result-нийлбэр дүн
Riding-хэрэгсэл
Rig-байгууламж тоноглох
Ring-цагираг холбо(сүлжээний хэлбэр)
Role-дараалсан код
Rotateng-эргэх хуйлрал
Route-замчлал
Respond-хариу үйлдэл
Rearranging-цэгцлэх
Ride-байгууламж
Ring-тополог
Satisfactory-санаанд нийцэх
Scalable-тооллын систем
Scale-хэмжээ
scheme defining-
Segmented-хэсэг бүлэг
Served-үйчилгээ
Service-холболт үйчилгээ
Set-цуглуулга иж бүрдэл
Several-хэд,хэдэн
Shares-хуваах
Side-хөндлөнгийн
Simply-шулуун
Simultaneously-
Standby-ажлын горим
State-түвшин
Station-станц төхөөрөмж,хэрэгсэл
Still-тогтонги
Storage-санах ойн төхөөрөмж
Strips-лент зурвас
Support-дэмжих
Switched-холболт
Shielded-төхөөрөмж
Several-хэд хэдэн
Suitable-тохирсон хэрэгсэл
Serial-дараалсан тоо
Station-станц
Subseriber-хэрэглэгч
Scale-хэмжээ
Session-сүлжээний холболт
Scaled-хэмжээ
Slot-нүх
Telecomnucation-цахилгаан холбоо
Telemetry-алсын зайн,хол
Territory-дэвсгэр
Tiered-шаталсан үелсэн
time slot-time slot
Traffic-сүлжээ
Transfarent-цэвэр тунгалаг
Transparent-дамжуулал
Unidirectional-чиглэлгүй
Unique-ер бусын
Usage-хэрэглээ
Variable-хувьсах хэмжигдэхүүн
Version-хувилбар гүйцэтгэл
Voice-яриа хоолой
Wire-утастай холболт
across-дамжууламж
advantage-ашигтай давуу тал
allow-олгох зөвшөөрөх
Alternatives-хувилбар
Application-төхөөрөмж
Apply-татах
Approved-сайшаах
Arbitrated-таслах
Aspects-үзэл санаа асуудал
Association-хэлхээ уялдаа
Assume-хүлээн авагч
Attachment-хавсарга
Attractive-дайчлах
Aviable-хүчинтэй ашигтай
Access-ханалт
Attached-хавсарга
Addressinging-нэмэх
Arbitrated-хөндлөнгөөс таслагч
Average-дундаж
Bandwidth-зурвас
Buffering-зөөтгөл
Besides-ойролцоо
Bidirectional-тэгш хэмт
Between-дундын
Backbone-гол кабель
Billing-тооцоо
Blocked-түгжигдэх
Break-алдаа
Bursty-багц
Bypass-тойрч гарах
Broadband-өргөн зурвас
Bus-топологийн хэлбэр
Campus-хүрээлэх
Considered-авч үзэх
Covering-бүрхэх
Candidate-өрсөлдөгч
Capacity- багтаамж,хүчин чадал
Carier-зөөгч дохио
Categorizes-ангилал
Channels-суваг
Choke-ороомог
Circuit-хэлхээ,суваг
Classified-ангилал
Common-ерөнхий нийтлэг
Cost-хэмжигдэхүүн
Compete-өрсөлдөх
Complexity-цогцолбор
Concentraror-төвлөрүүлэлт
Configurable-тохирох чадамж
Connectingless-холболтгүй
Contain-агуулах багтаах
Conventional-хэвшмэл ердийн
Copper-зэс кабель
Counter-тоологч,тоолуур
Coverting-хөрвүүүлэг,хөрвүүлэх
Creat-босгох үүсгэх
Circlater-эргэн тойрох
Current-гүйдэл
Collusion-мөргөлдөөн
Clocking-синхрончлол,тактикчилал
Decrement-унтралын коэфциент
Dedicated-байнгын холболттой
Definition-төгсгөлийн
Delivered-хүргэлт
Demand-шаардлага
Density-нягтрал хмжигч
Depending-хамаарах
Detection-алдаа илрүүлэлт
Development-дамжуулах
Device-арга барил
Diameter-голч
Disadvintages-алдагдал дутагдал
Disappear-нуугдах
Disruption-хуваагдал
Distinction-ялгаатай
Dominate-ноерхох
Drawback-
Destination-хүлээн авах төхөөрөмж
Downstream-урсгал явц
Distance-ачаала хэрэглэгч
Dual-хос
Duration-үргэжлэх хугацаа
Each-тутам
Economical-хямдхан
Effective-нөлөө,нөлөөмж
Emerging-эх үүсвэр
Enable-амжилттай холбогдох
Encapsulates-нууцлал
Enforce-хүчлэх албадах
Ensuring-
Entire-батлах
Equivalent-адитгал тэнцүү
Except-хасах
Expand-өргөтгөх
Extended-өргөтгөсөн
Exception-үгүйсгэл
Effective-нөлөө
Eliminates-хаях
Fabric-байгууламж
Facilities-төхөөрөмж
Failover-унтрал
Fall-унтрал хасах
far apart-хос
Fiber optics-оптик дамжуулагч
Fixed-тогтмол
Flow-урсгал
Format-хэмжээ
Frame-битийн цуваа
Generally-голдуу
Guaranteed-баталгаа
Host-нөгөө тал хүлээн авагч тал
Hunt-хайх
Ideal-сул чөлөөтэй
Implement-өсөлт дэвшил
Implementing-өсөлт
Increments-өсөлт
Industry-аж үйлдвэр
Interconnection-хоорондын холбоос
Interval-хэсэг
Isolated-тусгаарлагдсан
Latency-хүлээх хугацаа хоцролт
Layer-түвшин
Legacy technologies-хуучны төхөөрөмж
Less-эсрэг холбоо хасах
Linking-шугам холбоос
Local-орон нутгийн
Loop-гэдрэг холбоо
Main-гол чухал
Mapping-харгалзаа
Mesh-топологийн хэлбэр
Method-арга барил
Multiple-олон
Master-төв зангилаа
Mainly-голдуу
Model-загвар
Node-үндэс
Nodes-үндсэн
None-нэг ч үгүй олон ч үгүй
Networks-сүлжээ
Needed-хэрэгтэй
Obsolesvent-хуучрал хуучин
Obtain-хүлээж авах гаргах
Optimaized-зохион байгуулах
Oriented-чиг баримжаатай
Overhead-толгой мэдээлэл
Octets-наймт
OSI-олон улсын стандарт
Operater-үйлдэл
Packet-багц
Particular-нарийвчлал тухайн
Payload-мэдээлэлийн хэсэг
Peripherals-нэмэлт төхөөрөмж
Ports-хос туйлт
Possible-боломжтой
Predictable-зарчим
Predominate-
Primarily- тэргүүн
Private-хувийн
Probably-магадлал
Providers-ханган нийлүүлэгч
Provisioned-хангах
Public-нийтийн
Pushed-стекэд элемэнт нэмэх
Point-цэг
Protection-үйл ажилгаа
Pattern-схем
Pair-хос
Range-эгнээ шугам
Ratio-коэфциент,харьцуулалт
Reasonably-учир шалтгаан
Recovery-сэргээх
Regard-хамаарах
Relay-радио релений шугам
Reliability-найдвартай
Remote-алслагдсан алсын удирдлагатай
Replace-давтах
Representing-төлөөлөгч
Requirements-шаардлага
Reserve-хүлээн авах
Result-нийлбэр дүн
Riding-хэрэгсэл
Rig-байгууламж тоноглох
Ring-цагираг холбо(сүлжээний хэлбэр)
Role-дараалсан код
Rotateng-эргэх хуйлрал
Route-замчлал
Respond-хариу үйлдэл
Rearranging-цэгцлэх
Ride-байгууламж
Ring-тополог
Satisfactory-санаанд нийцэх
Scalable-тооллын систем
Scale-хэмжээ
scheme defining-
Segmented-хэсэг бүлэг
Served-үйчилгээ
Service-холболт үйчилгээ
Set-цуглуулга иж бүрдэл
Several-хэд,хэдэн
Shares-хуваах
Side-хөндлөнгийн
Simply-шулуун
Simultaneously-
Standby-ажлын горим
State-түвшин
Station-станц төхөөрөмж,хэрэгсэл
Still-тогтонги
Storage-санах ойн төхөөрөмж
Strips-лент зурвас
Support-дэмжих
Switched-холболт
Shielded-төхөөрөмж
Several-хэд хэдэн
Suitable-тохирсон хэрэгсэл
Serial-дараалсан тоо
Station-станц
Subseriber-хэрэглэгч
Scale-хэмжээ
Session-сүлжээний холболт
Scaled-хэмжээ
Slot-нүх
Telecomnucation-цахилгаан холбоо
Telemetry-алсын зайн,хол
Territory-дэвсгэр
Tiered-шаталсан үелсэн
time slot-time slot
Traffic-сүлжээ
Transfarent-цэвэр тунгалаг
Transparent-дамжуулал
Unidirectional-чиглэлгүй
Unique-ер бусын
Usage-хэрэглээ
Variable-хувьсах хэмжигдэхүүн
Version-хувилбар гүйцэтгэл
Voice-яриа хоолой
Wire-утастай холболт
Sunday, November 21, 2010
gbayarmaa82@gmail.com
Metropolitan Area Networks
MAN APPLICATION,
METROPOLITAN AREA ETHERNET,
The telecommunications industry categorizes networks as local, metropolitan,and wide area or global. The distinction between WAN and MAN is vague because many of the same protocols and services are used without regard to the span ofthe network.
A MAN is a public network that bridges LAN and WAN, typically covering a span of 5 to 50 km. The area is roughly the size of a city, and in larger metropolitan areas multiple providers offer MAN services.
A MAN has many of the same characteristics as a WAN, and shares some of the same aplication. It could be considered simply as a scaled-down version of the WAN, but many of its requirements are distinctly different.
MAN technologies are borrowed from both the LAN and WAN and work primarily at the datalink layer. MAN services are delivered over fiber optics if possible, but copper and wireless alternatives also exist.
Legacy technologies used for MANs include frame relay, ATM, Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), Fibre Channel, Distributed Queue Dual Bus (DQDB), and Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS). Newer networks work over gigabit and 10G Ethernet applied directly to fiber and some of the wireless technologies we discussed in Chapter 21. Besides point-to-point circuits riding on various levels of TDM, The ILECs offer frame relay with bandwidths of up to DS-3. The ILECs’ frame relay networks generally span a LATA which, depending on the territory,
may encompass a metropolitan area or an entire state. The following are typical applications for a MAN:
- LAN-to-LAN connectivity—sometimes called transparent LAN service
(TLS)
- Storage area networks (SANs)
- Telemedicine
- Delay-sensitive data such as VoIP and video conferencing
- Low bit-rate synchronous and asynchronous data such as telemetry
and alarm services
- WAN access services
- High bit-rate data such as video-on-demand
- Traditional data and voice leased-line services
None of the legacy protocols is a good match for all of these applications,several of which are bursty. Conventional networks, usually provisioned over SONET/SDH are composed of fixed-bandwidth circuits that are optimized for voice, but do not scale well for data. Fixed-bandwidth circuits are acceptable for many applications, but emerging services have a high ratio of peak-to-average data flow
.
MAN APPLICATION,
METROPOLITAN AREA ETHERNET,
The telecommunications industry categorizes networks as local, metropolitan,and wide area or global. The distinction between WAN and MAN is vague because many of the same protocols and services are used without regard to the span ofthe network.
A MAN is a public network that bridges LAN and WAN, typically covering a span of 5 to 50 km. The area is roughly the size of a city, and in larger metropolitan areas multiple providers offer MAN services.
A MAN has many of the same characteristics as a WAN, and shares some of the same aplication. It could be considered simply as a scaled-down version of the WAN, but many of its requirements are distinctly different.
MAN technologies are borrowed from both the LAN and WAN and work primarily at the datalink layer. MAN services are delivered over fiber optics if possible, but copper and wireless alternatives also exist.
Legacy technologies used for MANs include frame relay, ATM, Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), Fibre Channel, Distributed Queue Dual Bus (DQDB), and Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS). Newer networks work over gigabit and 10G Ethernet applied directly to fiber and some of the wireless technologies we discussed in Chapter 21. Besides point-to-point circuits riding on various levels of TDM, The ILECs offer frame relay with bandwidths of up to DS-3. The ILECs’ frame relay networks generally span a LATA which, depending on the territory,
may encompass a metropolitan area or an entire state. The following are typical applications for a MAN:
- LAN-to-LAN connectivity—sometimes called transparent LAN service
(TLS)
- Storage area networks (SANs)
- Telemedicine
- Delay-sensitive data such as VoIP and video conferencing
- Low bit-rate synchronous and asynchronous data such as telemetry
and alarm services
- WAN access services
- High bit-rate data such as video-on-demand
- Traditional data and voice leased-line services
None of the legacy protocols is a good match for all of these applications,several of which are bursty. Conventional networks, usually provisioned over SONET/SDH are composed of fixed-bandwidth circuits that are optimized for voice, but do not scale well for data. Fixed-bandwidth circuits are acceptable for many applications, but emerging services have a high ratio of peak-to-average data flow
.
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